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INIT SIX

CHRISTMAS COMES BUT ONCE A YEAR

Topic: National Holidays

TOPICAL VOCABULARY

1.	Christmas	Рождество {25 декабря; главный церковный и светский праздник года; к этому дню по традиции обмениваются подарками и рождественскими открытками [Christmas card], украшают ёлку, устраивают вечера а рождественские представления для детей [pantomime]. 25 и 26 декабря - официальные выходные дни; рождественские святки отмечаются с середины декабря до 6января [Twelfth night]
2.	Christmas Day	день Рождества
3.	festival	празднество, праздник
4.	carol	кэрол, рождественский гимн, хорал, рождественское песнопение (поётся в церквях или на улицах перед $домами,$ часто для сбора пожертвований)
5.	Jesus Christ [kraist]	Иисус Христос
6.	carol service	$церк.$Рождественское богослужение с гимнами {пение гимнов [см, carol] перемежается чтением $из$ $Библии)$
7.	decorate smth with smth	украшать, наряжать что-л. чем-л.
8.	Christmas decorations	рождественское убранство
9.	holly [`holi]	остролист (вечнозелёное растение с красными ягодами)
10.	Christmas tree	рождественская ёлка
11.	to wrap up a gift	завернуть подарок
12.	Christmas sock (stocking)	рождественский носок (чулок)
13.	Christmas Eve	сочельник, канун Рождества
14.	Father Christmas	рождественский дед, Дед Мороз
15.	Chimney	дымовая труба
16.	Christmas pudding	рождественский пудинг (с изюмом, цукатами и пряностями; по традиции подаётся к обеду в день Рождества, обычно украшается веточкой остролиста [`holly])
17.	to pull a cracker	запустить хлопушку
18.	Christmas message	праздничное выступление королевы
19.	Christmas cake	рождественский торт
20.	mince pie ['mins'pai)	сладкий пирожок (круглый, со сладкой начинкой [mincemeat]; традиционное рождественское лакомство)
21.	Boxing Day	день рождественских подарков, второй день Рождества (26 декабря; официальный выходной день [bank holiday]. В этот день принято дарить подарки; состоятельные люди тж. делают небольшие денежные пожертвования прислуге, почтальону и т.п.)
22.	solemnly	серьёзно, торжественно
23.	North Pole	северный полюс
24.	Advent calendar	календарь рождественского поста (большая цветная карточка с маленькими пронумерованными "окошками": их поочерёдно открывают в течение рождественского поста [Advent]; при открытии "окошка" появляется миниатюрная картинка на библейскую или рождественскую тему)
25.	Christmas card	Рождественская поздравительная открытка
26.	Nativity play	пьеса о Рождестве (инсценировка евангельской легенды о рождении Христа; обыкн. исполняется детьми в школах и т.п. перед рождественскими праздниками)
27.	Christmas lights	рождественские огни
28.	to make a snowman	лепить снеговика, снежную бабу
29.	igloo	иглу (ледяная хижина эскимосов)
30.	have a snowball fight	играть в снежки
31.	to decorate the house	украсить дом
32.	put up the Christmas tree	поставить елку
33.	to blow up the balloons	надуть шары
34.	brandy	бренди, коньяк
35.	presents	подарки
36.	sweets	конфеты
37.	tangerine	мандарин
38.	roast turkey	жареная индейка
39.	the Queen's speech	речь королевы
40.	to play cards	играть в карты
41.	polar bear	белый медведь
42.	to be exhausted	быть в изнеможении
43.	mistletoe	омела белая
44.	Christmas-tide	святки (с 24 декабря по 6 января)
45.	to shoot firecrackers	запускать фейерверки
46.	public holiday	государственный праздник
47.	to celebrate	праздновать, отпраздновать; торжественно отмечать (годовщину и т.п.)
48.	celebration	празднование, торжества
49.	on the occasion of	по случаю
50.	to hand smb. smth.	вручать кому-л. что-л.
51.	to keep up a tradition (a custom)	сохранять (поддерживать) традицию (обычай)
52.	a party	вечеринка
53.	the party is in full swing	празднество в полном разгаре
54.	to be in one's best clothes	быть по-праздничному одетым
55.	anniversary	годовщина
56.	to greet	приветствовать
57.	illumination(s)	иллюминация
58.	treat	удовольствие, наслаждение
59.	What a treat it is!	Какое это наслаждение!
60.	to treat smb. to smth.	угощать (перен. Доставлять удовольствие
61.	to enjoy	получать удовольствие, наслаждаться
62.	fun	1. веселье, забава, развлечение 2. предмет шуток, источник веселья, удовольствия
63.	to make fun.of	высмеивать, подшучивать
64.	to do smth. in (for) fun	делать что-л. в шутку

Some Good Rules

1. As you begin the year so you'll end it.

2. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.

3. Don't look a gift horse in the mouth.

4. Christmas comes but once a year.

5. At Christmas great loafs, at Easter clean souls, at Whitsuntide new clothes.

Christmas

If you try to catch a train on 24-th of December you may have difficulty in finding seats. This is the day when many people are travelling home to be with their families on Christmas Day, 25-th December. This is the most important festival of the year, it combines the Christian celebration of the birth of Christ with the traditional festivals of winter.

On the Sunday before Christmas many churches hold a carol service where special hymns are sung. People are reminded of Charles Dickens' story "Christmas Carol". Most people decorate their houses with brightly-coloured paper or holly, and they have a Christmas tree.

There are a lot of traditions connected with Christmas but perhaps the most important one is the giving of presents. People wrap up their gifts and leave them at the bottom of the Christmas tree. Children leave a long sock or stocking at the end of their beds on Christmas Eve, 24-th December, hoping that Father Christmas will come down the chimney during the night and bring them presents, fruit and nuts. At some time on Christmas Day the family will sit down to a big turkey dinner followed by Christmas pudding. They will probably pull a cracker with another member of the family. It will make a loud crack and a coloured hat, small toy and joke will fall out.

Later in the afternoon they may watch the Queen on TV as she delivers her traditional Christmas message to the UK and the Commonwealth. If they have room for even more food they may enjoy a piece of Christmas cake or eat a hot mince pie. 26-th December is also a public holiday, Boxing Day, and this is the time to visit friends and relatives or watch football.

Christmas Preparations

Mr. Williams: I'm nearly ready for Christmas now. I've sent off all my Christmas

cards except one, and I've bought nil my presents apart from yours. Have

you sent out the invitations to our party yet?

Mrs. Williams: Not yet. ill send them out tomorrow. Just look at the list again to make sure we haven't forgotten anyone.

Mr. Williams: We're inviting just about everybody in the street, except for the Jones.

It seems a bit rude, but to tell the truth I can't stand that woman.

Mrs. Williams: Well, she's so ill-mannered. Last time she came here she left without saying a word. And apart from that she tells such lies about us. She never stops running us down to the neighbours.

Mr. Williams: That's settled then. We won't invite them. By the way I met Pat O'Dowd last night and he told me he'd be leaving for Ireland next week. He said he was sorry he would miss our party but he might see us at the Rushtons' New Year party.

Mrs. Williams: What a pity! He's so lively at parties... Oh, I saw some gorgeous Christmas trees on sale in the High Street but I didn't have time to ask how much they were.

Mr. Williams: I'm sure they're much too expensive.

Mrs. Williams: Well, we've got to have a tree. If you don't want to buy one, you'll have to go out and dig one up. Oh, and we need a few gifts for the tree. Apart from the holly and the mistletoe that's about everything.

Mr. Williams: It's the same every year - you end up with everything you want and I end up with a headache from worrying about my bank balance.

(From London Linguaphone Course)

Notes

What a pity! - Какая досада! Как жаль!

bank balance - банковский счет

EXERCISES

1. Read the text about Christmas and answer the following questions:

l. Why isn't it possible sometimes to find a seat if you try to catch a train on December, 24?

2. What can you listen to in the churches on that day?

3.What are the traditional meals on that day?

4.Who delivers a traditional Christmas message on TV?

5.What is Boxing Day?

2. Match the following proverbs and their meanings:

1. Don't look a gift horse in the mouth. 2. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 3. As you begin the year so you'll end it. 4. Christmas comes but once a year. 5. At Christmas great loafs, at Easter clean souls, at Whitsuntide new clothes.

a) At Christmas play and make a good cheer, for it comes but once a year, b) Each holiday has its custom. c) Wherever you may be, you should follow the manners and customs of the people you are staying with. d) If you like to have a good year, then celebrate it properly. e) Never criticize or express displeasure when you receive a gift.

3. Read the following questions and answer them:

A.

1. She is wonderful in this film, isn't she?

2. You are a film star, aren't you?

3. You will be busy tonight, won't you?

4. He can play this role well, can't he?

5. You watch TV in the evenings, don't you?

6. There's a new comedy on in the Forum, isn't there?

7. She has played in hundreds of films, hasn't she?

8. They booked the tickets in advance, didn't they?

B.

1. He is not a comic actor, is he?

2. You don't like symphony music, do you?

3. She didn't dance yesterday, did she?

4. There was nothing worth seeing on TV, was there?

5. There are no tickets for this show, are there?

6. He hasn't seen this picture, has he?

7; You are not going to see this horror film at night, are you?

8. She won't be able to go out with us, will she?

4. Add question tags and answer the questions:

Model: You are Mr. Brown,... ?

You are Mr. Brown, aren't you? -- Yes, I am.

Interview

You are Gloria Moon? - You live in Hollywood, ... ?

And you have lived there all your life, ... ?

You aren't a producer, ... ?

You are a film star, ... ?

You didn't go to University, ... ?

You started work when you were 17, ...?

You worked as a model, ... ?

You can't play any musical instrument, ... ?

But you can sing and dance,... ?

You've been to France, ...?

But you don't know French,... ?

You have your own villa on the sea coast, ... ?

You are married, ... ?

You have no children, ... ?

You'd like to take part in our film, ... ?

5. Open the brackets using: A. Past Perfect; B. Future Perfect.

A. 1. She hoped that I (to pay for the tickets already). 2. When we came the performance (to begin). 3. He went to bed as soon! as he (to switch off the TV set). 4. By the end of the year she (to play in two films). 5. When they came home the football match (to finish). 6. By the time the director arrived the actress (to learn her part). 7. She went for a holiday after she (to pass the? exam). 8. I didn't know what to do when I (to spend all the" money). 9. He didn't start eating before he (to wash his hands). 10. He understood the book only after he (to read it again).

B. 1. When the uncle returns from Australia his son (to growl up). 2. By the end of this year I (to learn English very well). 3. I'll need this magazine. Will you (to look through it by morning)? 4. If you come at 9 the concert (to finish). 5. We mustn't be late. They (to eat everything) by the time we come. 6. Before they choose a suitable house they (to see hundreds of

them). 7. When you go out it (to stop raining). 8. By the end of May she (to pass all the exams).

6. Complete the following sentences according to the model:

Model: It was cold in the room (the window/be open/for a long time). --

It was cold in the room because the window had been open for a long time.

1. She didn't know the way there (she/never/be there). 2.1 did not know her address (she/move/to a new flat). 3. They were upset (they/fail/at the exams). 4. She was happy (she/play/the leading role/in a new movie), 5. He rang me up (I/ask/him/to do it). 6. The cake was too sweet (she/put/a lot of sugar/into it). 7. She felt tired (she/work hard/the day before). 8. I didn't see Fred (I/leave/earlier). 9. Kate didn't want to go to the cinema (she/see/the film/before). 10. I didn't listen to that play on the radio (I/hear/it). 11. I couldn't get into my flat at once (I/lose/the key).

7. Finish the following according to the model:

Model: I received a letter from him yesterday, (for a long time) -- I hadn't received letters from him for a long time.

1.1 was in the Bolshoi yesterday, (for many years) 2.1 saw Peter last night, (since we finished school) 3. I watched a thriller on TV yesterday, (since the time I was young) 4. I laughed so much watching the comedy, (for a long time) 5. There was an interesting film on at our local cinema last week, (for many months) 6. We went to a wonderful pop concert last Saturday, (since we were students)

8. Translate into English:

1. Национальная галерея в Лондоне была построена в период между 1832 и 1838 годами. 2. Иностранцев, приезжающих в Британию, поражает обилие традиций и обычаев. 3. В Шотландии Рождество не отмечают. 4. Кроме праздников религиозного происхождения, есть праздники, которые не связаны с религией. 5. В России после реформы календаря Рождество отмечают после Нового года. 6. Рождественская елка уже украшена. Можно начинать праздновать, да? 7. Все приготовили для приема гостей? -- Индейка жарится в духовке, ее подадут через 1 минуту. 8. Родители не ложились спать, пока не были упакованы подарки для всех детей. 9. Зал украшали для празднования юбилея. Никого не впускали. 10. Национальный день Благодарения провозгласил президент Линкольн в 1863 году, и с тех пор его отмечают в последний четверг ноября. 11. Если вас пригласили в гости, где будут подавать еду, следует заранее сказать, если вы соблюдаете диету 12. В канун Нового года принимают решение начать новую жизнь, тратить поменьше денег, бросить курить и т.д., дают всевозможные обещания. 13. В последние годы во многих городах США устраивают бесплатные музыкальные, концерты для публики. 14. В тыкве вырезают дырки для глаз, носа и рта, а внутри зажигают свечку. 15. Лохнесское чудовище видели и сфотографировали много раз с тех пор, как его впервые увидели в 1933 году. 16. Профессор рассердился за то, что 1 апреля над ним подшутили. 17. За праздниками последовали будни. 18. За что его критикуют? -- Его лекции никто не слушает. 19. Надеюсь, что мою открытку получат до праздника. 20. Вызнаете, из чего делают йоркширский пудинг? Нет? Я тоже не знаю.

9. Read and retell the story:

Uncle John's Christmas

"Uncle John, Uncle John!" Little Betty, who was nearly six, came running into her uncle's bedroom. "Wake up, Uncle John, it's seven o'clock ant it's Christmas Eve." Uncle John woke up - he had to, for Bitty had climbed onto his bed, but he did not seem very happy to hear that it was seven o'clock. His sister, who had been married for several years and had two children, had invited him to spend a "family Christmas" with them in the country, for she always felt sorry for her brother who lived alone in a little flat in London. At that moment John longed for his flat - he never got up there before nine o'clock.

Betty did everything she could to help her uncle. She took him to the shops on Christmas Eve, and showed him the enormous doll she wanted for Christmas, and then took him down to the shop again at six o'clock - "They're still open," she told him -just to make certain that he had bought the doll. In the afternoon Betty and her younger sister Mary showed him how to decorate the Christmas tree with lots of beautiful little things they had bought or made themselves. John felt tired because he had to run up and down the ladder, and he was very happy when bedtime came. But Betty and Mary talked without stopping: "Father Christmas is coming tonight, Father Christmas is coming to night," they sang as they went up the stairs, and they each put the largest stocking they could find at the end of their bed. "I won't sleep at all night, I'm too excited," said Betty, and Uncle John could quite believe it as she jumped around in her bed.

At last all was quiet, the girls were asleep, and the presents were in the stockings and on the beds. John went to bed and fell asleep.

"Uncle John, Uncle John." It was little Betty again.

"What? It's not seven o'clock again, is it?"

"Oh no, it's three o'clock, and Father Christmas has been here already. Look."

John saw a large doll in her arms.

"Why on earth," he thought, "don't we give children presents in the afternoon?"

10. Make up 15 different questions to the story about Uncle John.

Далее: UNIT SEVEN     Topical vocabulary Вверх: Учебно-методическое пособие Назад: UNIT FIVE    Shopping